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1.
Rev. chil. neuro-psiquiatr ; 59(2): 91-101, jun. 2021. tab, ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1388388

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCCIÓN: Las personas con enfermedades mentales con frecuencia experimentan estigma por parte de profesionales de la salud, por lo que es necesario disponer de instrumentos para evaluar el estigma e implementar acciones para reducirlo. Este manuscrito describe el proceso de traducción y validación de contenido en Chile del instrumento Opening Minds Scale for Healthcare Practitioners (OMS-HC), para la evaluación del estigma en profesionales de la salud hacia personas con enfermedad mental desarrollado originalmente en Canadá. MÉTODO: Se realizó la traducción y análisis de validación de contenido, incluyendo etapas de traducción inglés-castellano y traducción inversa por traductora profesional, triangulación, y finalmente consulta a expertos para evaluación de validez de contenido según Índice de Validez de Contenido (IVC) con 10 expertos de investigación, academia, y experto por experiencia en salud mental. Se consideró aceptables ítems con IVC entre 0,51-0,99. RESULTADOS: Del total de 20 ítems del cuestionario, dos fueron evaluados con IVC menor al establecido, relacionados con constructos "hope" y "compassion", propios del marco teórico-modelo de Recovery, base del instrumento. Los dos ítems fueron re-evaluados con autores originales para adaptarlos procurando fidelidad al constructo, en un proceso iterativo con expertos. CONCLUSIONES: Se presenta la traducción del instrumento Opening Minds Scale for Healthcare Practitioners (OMS-HC) adaptado al castellano y con análisis de su validación de contenido, consistente de 20 ítems para evaluación del estigma hacia personas con enfermedades mentales en profesionales de la salud, posibilitando nuevos estudios que analicen su validez de criterio, y la exploración de su utilidad a nivel local.


INTRODUCTION: People with mental illnesses frequently experience stigma from health care professionals, which is why it is an urge to count with adequate assessments to evaluate stigma to address it. This manuscript describes the process of language translation and content validation in Chile of the Opening Minds Scale for the assessment of stigma against people with mental illnesses in Healthcare Practitioners (WHO-HC), originally developed in Canada. METHODS: Language translation and content validation analysis were performed, including English-Spanish translation and reverse translation by professional translator, item triangulation by researchers, and content validity analysis of the translated questionnaire by expert evaluation based on the Content Validity Index (CVI), including 10 experts in academia, research, and one expert by experience. Items rated with CVI 0.51-0.99 were considered acceptable. RESULTS: From the total of 20 items of the questionnaire, two were rated with lower CVI than acceptable, specifically related to the constructs "hope" and "compassion", part of the theoretical framework of Recovery in which the questionnaire is based on. The two items were re-evaluated including original authors to adapt them seeking fidelity to the foundational constructs, through an iterative process with experts. CONCLUSIONS: The translation of the Opening Minds Scale for Healthcare Practitioners (WHO-HC) is presented, adapted to Spanish in Chile after content analysis, consisting of 20 items for the evaluation of stigma towards people with mental illness in health professionals, enabling the development of new studies to analyze criterion validity, and the exploration of feasibility and utility at the local level.


Subject(s)
Humans , Attitude of Health Personnel , Mental Disorders , Professional-Patient Relations , Translating , Mental Health , Surveys and Questionnaires , Reproducibility of Results , Health Personnel/psychology , Social Stigma
2.
Article | IMSEAR | ID: sea-198664

ABSTRACT

Introduction: Thyroid gland surgery is one of the most common surgical interventions in the head and neckregion. The gland is located low down in front of the neck. It consists of two symmetrical lobes united by anisthmus. A small portion of the gland substance often projects upwards from the isthmus, generally to the left ofthe midline as the Pyramidal lobe (PL). The Levator glandulae thyroidea(LGT) descends from the hyoid body to theisthmus or apex of Pyramidal lobe, innervated by branch of external laryngeal nerve. Hence this study onmorphological analysis of the gland will hopefully help to minimise the complications during the surgeries.Materials and methods: The study was done in 50 specimens which included glands dissected out of adultcadavers, specimens used for teaching in the department and rest of them were collected from fresh cadavericworkshops.statistical analysis was done between male and female thyroid glands using spss software 20version, dependant variables were compared using chi square test.Result: The shape of the gland was mostly normal, Isthmus was related to 2,3,4 th tracheal rings and in 6% casesit was absent. The pyramidal lobe was seen mostly to the left in 38% cases, LGT was absent in 36% cases,muscular LGT was seen on left side in 18% cases and STA was seen related to the medial border of apex in 52%cases.Conclusion: In the present study we observed variation in the morphology between the male and female thyroidglands

3.
Article | IMSEAR | ID: sea-184849

ABSTRACT

The life of a student in college has always been challenging. Their stress is not just restricted to academics, but could come from various sources such as family conflicts, independent living, financial, health, peer pressure and romantic relationships. In this study 479 undergraduate and postgraduate students were assessed for perceived stress. On the Perceived stress scale, the mean score was 19.36. Female students, students with siblings and those belonging to single parent families or orphans had marginally higher levels of perceived stress. Those students staying with their family and attending college had significantly lower stress scores compared to the other students either staying in the college hostel or outside the college premises on their own or with friends or staying with their relatives and attending college. The ways in which the students cope with stress can have significant short and long term consequences on their physical and emotional health.

4.
Rev. MVZ Córdoba ; 15(1): 1944-1953, ene.-abr. 2010.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-621957

ABSTRACT

Objetivo. Caracterizar el proceso fermentativo del suero costeño elaborado en Montería. Materiales y métodos. Se caracterizó fisicoquímica y bromatológicamente el producto elaborado artesanalmente en Montería; se evaluó durante 24 horas la fermentación espontánea del producto elaborado en las microempresas, se determinó pH, acidez total, concentración de lactosa y mesófilos aerobios cada tres horas. Se aislaron y seleccionaron los microorganismos involucrados en la fermentación, teniendo en cuenta las propiedades de interés tecnológico y se identificaron bioquímicamente por API 50CH (BioMérieux). Resultados. El suero costeño de contenido medio en grasa, presentó una humedad de 76%, extracto etéreo (11.65%), proteína (5.09%), lactosa (4.36%), cenizas (2.88%), cloruros (2.34%), pH (3.94) y acidez (1.4% acido láctico). En la fermentación espontánea se observó un comportamiento inversamente relacionado entre el pH y la acidez, alcanzando al final del estudio un valor de 4.69 y 0.67% de ácido láctico respectivamente; se encontró un porcentaje de lactosa de 4.44% y una población de mesófilos aerobios de 2x109 UFC/mL. Se aislaron tres cepas de bacterias acido lácticas (BAL) identificadas como Enterococcus faecium y Lactobacillus brevis. Conclusiones. Las características fisicoquímicas y bromatológicas del suero costeño elaborado en la ciudad de Montería, no presentaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre los productos. En la fermentación espontanea hubo consumo de lactosa, aumento de la concentración de mesófilos aerobios y se presentó una relación inversa entre pH y acidez. Se aislaron e identificaron BAL con la posibilidad de ser utilizadas como cultivos iniciadores.


Subject(s)
Bacteria , Fermentation , Serum
5.
Rev. chil. nutr ; 37(1): 18-30, mar. 2010. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-577367

ABSTRACT

Objective: To evaluate the nutritional status of a group of pregnant women and their newborn infants participating in the MANA program. Methods: Descriptive, longitudinal and prospective study designed to follow the cohort before and after intervention. Results: 53 percent of the household showed food insecurity. With the program, food ingestion had a significant increase and the prevalence of the risk of micronutrient deficiency diminished. The low gestational weight diminished from 27.8 percent in the first trimester to 20.3 percent in the third trimester. 94 percent of the newborns weighed over 2500 g. Anemia were prevented in 86 percent of the mothers with iron deficiency. The mothers at risk of serum foliate deficiency diminished from 30,8 percent in the first trimester to 11 ,5 percent in the second. Conclusion: Since the socioeconomic conditions of the population were unchanged during the study, it is possible to conclude that the MANA program and the products received had a positive and significant impact in the nutritional status of the mothers.


Objetivo: Evaluar el estado nutricional de un grupo de gestantes y sus recién nacidos participantes del programa MANA para la vida. Método: Estudio descriptivo, longitudinal, prospectivo con seguimiento de la cohorte antes y después de una intervención. Resultados: el 53 por ciento de los hogares se percibieron en inseguridad alimentaria. La ingesta de nutrientes tuvo un incremento significativo y se redujo la prevalencia del riesgo de deficiencia de algunos micronutrientes. El bajo peso gestacional disminuyó de 27,8 por ciento en el primer trimestre a 20,3 por ciento en el tercero. El 94 por ciento de los recién nacidos tuvieron un peso superior a 2500g. La anemia se previno en el 86 por ciento de las madres con deficiencia de hierro y se disminuyó la proporción a riesgo de deficiencia de folato. Conclusión: Dado las condiciones socioeconómicas de la población, se concluye que el programa desarrollado y los productos entregados tuvieron un impacto positivo y significativo en el estado nutricional de las madres.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Infant, Newborn , Adolescent , Adult , Nutrition Programs , Nutritional Status , Prenatal Nutrition , Infant Nutritional Physiological Phenomena , Folic Acid/blood , Birth Weight , Body Mass Index , Eating , Food and Nutrition Education , Food Supply , Health Programs and Plans , Iron/blood , Longitudinal Studies , Nutrition Surveys , Socioeconomic Factors
6.
Rev. chil. tecnol. méd ; 30(1): 1551-1557, 2010. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-572127

ABSTRACT

La Dacriocistitis Aguda (DA) consiste en una inflamación del saco lagrimal y conducto nasolagrimal, secundario a un proceso infeccioso mayoritariamente o a estenosis senil del conducto, traumatismos, tumores, sinusitis, conjuntivitis crónica y/o canaliculitis. Los grupos etarios más afectados son los lactantes y personas de edad avanzada, especialmente mujeres. Los agentes infecciosos más frecuentemente involucrados son Staphylococcus aureus y Streptococcus beta-hemolítico. Objetivos: Determinar la frecuencia de la patología, tiempo de hospitalización, la distribución por edad, la prevalencia por sexo de esta patología, tipo de tratamiento recibido por los pacientes. Metodología: los datos requeridos para el estudio se obtuvieron de la revisión de los antecedentes de hospitalización y de las fichas clínicas. Resultados: En un total de 1.870 hospitalizaciones oftalmológicas efectuadas entre Junio y Diciembre de 2007, 102 fueron por DA (5,5 por ciento). El 78 por ciento de estos era de sexo femenino y el mayor número de consultas se dieron en personas con edades entre los 70 y 79 años (33.3 por ciento). El 52.9 por ciento de los casos necesitó solo un día de hospitalización, recibiendo tratamiento sistémico el 15,7 por ciento de los pacientes que presentaba complicaciones o reagudización del cuadro. Conclusiones: El porcentaje de hospitalizaciones por DA constituye el 5,5 por ciento del total de hospitalizaciones por patologías oculares, la cual se manifiesta mayormente en mujeres adultas mayores, con hospitalizaciones de un día y antibióticoterapia sistémica efectuada con cloxacilina.


Acute dacryocystitis is an inflammation of the lacrimal sac and nasolacrimal duct, mostly secondary infection process, or senile duct stenosis, trauma, tumors, sinusitis, or chronic conjunctivitis and canaliculitis. The age groups most affected are infants and elderly, especially women. Infectious agents most commonly involved are Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus beta-hemolytic. There are no epidemiological studies or history of national and local causative of this condition. Objectives: To determine the frequency of hospitalization, the age distribution by sex and prevalence of this disease, know the length of hospital employee and the treatment received by patients Methodology: The data required for the study was obtained from a review of clinical records of patients Results. A total of 1870 hospitalizations eye made between June and Oecember 2007, 102 were for dacryocystitis (55 percent). 78 percent of patients were female and the largest number of inquiries occurred in patients aged 70 to 79 years (33.3 percent) The 52.9 percent of cases needed only one day of hospitalization, receiving systemic treatment for 15.7 percent of patients had complications or exacerbation of the clinical, being the drug of choice, cloxacillin. Conclusions: The incidence of hospitalizations for acute dacryocystitis is 5.5 percent of total hospitalizations for ocular pathologies. Oacryocystitis occurs mostly in older adults, whose age ranges are between 60 and 89 years, mostly female. The hospitalization time required is not more than one day to prepare for surgery, for the treatment of infectious event is performed as an outpatient. Systemic antibiotic therapy conducted in patients who show no response to empiric therapy is cloxacillin.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Dacryocystitis/epidemiology , Acute Disease , Age and Sex Distribution , Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use , Anti-Inflammatory Agents/therapeutic use , Chile/epidemiology , Dacryocystitis/microbiology , Dacryocystitis/drug therapy , Hospitalization/statistics & numerical data , Length of Stay , Prevalence
7.
Cienc. enferm ; 15(2): 27-34, ago. 2009. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-556671

ABSTRACT

El objetivo de este artículo es dar a conocer conceptos fundamentales de la práctica basada en la evidencia para incentivar su aplicación en la atención clínica. El momento de una decisión clínica resulta particularmente complejo y relevante pues en él se conjugan los conocimientos y experiencia del profesional, el entorno y las circunstancias en las que se vive el proceso de salud-enfermedad, los valores y preferencias del afectado y su familia que serán sujeto de la decisión. La medicina basada en la evidencia es una herramienta que surge frente a la necesidad de aplicar las prácticas clínicas con eficiencia, eficacia y efectividad. Instituciones de conocido prestigio han desarrollado diversas orientaciones para la clasificación de las evidencias científicas disponibles, de tal manera que se constituyen en una guía para la práctica médica diaria en el momento de revisar artículos científicos de interés al caso particular que el profesional tenga que resolver.


The purpose of this particular paper is to present keys concepts of evidence based practice to encourage its application in clinical attention. The moment when a clinical decision is made by a health professional is particularly critical and relevant because when this happens all of the knowledge, experience and the environment and circumstances of the health-illness process are connected and involved. Values and preferences of the patient and his family should also be considered and assessed. The generation of evidence based medicine is a new tool to be employed when the need to apply efficient and effective clinical practice is critical. Prestigious health centers and institutions have already developed new guidelines for the classification of available scientific evidence. Thus, they can guide daily medical practitioners when revision of pertinent scientific paper is necessary for specific cases to be solved.


Subject(s)
Evidence-Based Medicine , Decision Making
8.
Rev. chil. enferm. respir ; 21(3): 155-163, sep. 2005. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-453786

ABSTRACT

Spirometry, the most used test to evaluate pulmonary function, is only occasionally measured in field epidemiological studies. Our aim was to determine which of the following factors in the Platino study can be associated low quality spirometries in the first session: sex, age, socioeconomic level, educational level, body mass index, cold chill, smoking, operating technician, date and subject's previous spirometric experience. 1.168 individuals were evaluated with spirometry. Fifteen nurses and 1 midwife were trained according to NIOSCH standards. Easy One NDD spirometers were used. 1.037 subjects (88.8 percent) performed a satisfactory spirometry in the first session, and 131 (11.2 percent) failed to do so. Only two significant predictors of this failure were identified: age and educational level. Causes for test repetition were 1) Non satisfactory acceptability (77.1 percent); 2) lack of reproducibility (67.9 percent); 3) decline of post bronchodilator CVF without concomitant change in VEF1 (36.6 percent). Eighty nine of the 131 subjects accepted to repeat the test. A satisfactory spirometry was obtained in 79 subjects. Hence, at the end of the study 95.5 percent of the subjects attained a satisfactory test. We conclude that personnel without experience, with appropriate training, can perform high quality field spirometries. Acceptability and repoducibility were the most sensitive factors associated with a bad performance of spirometry. Age and schooling were the main factors related with a low quality spirometry. No association was detected regarding technician as a predictor of low quality spirometries carried out in a population setting.


La espirometría es el examen más utilizado para evaluar la función pulmonar y ocasionalmente se usa en estudios epidemiológicos. Evaluamos si las variables: sexo, edad, nivel socioeconómico, escolaridad, IMC, cursar concomitantemente con resfrío, tabaquismo, fecha del examen, haberse efectuado espirometría anteriormente y técnico responsable, se asociaban con la probabilidad de espirometrías insatisfactorias en una primera sesión. Quince enfermeras y una matrona que recibieron capacitación realizaron las espirometrías en 1.168 sujetos empleando un espirómetro Easy One NDD. En la primera sesión 1.037 individuos (88,8 por ciento) efectuaron una espirometría satisfactoria fracasando 131 (11,2 por ciento). Se identificaron dos variables predictoras del fracaso: edad y años de instrucción. Las causas más frecuentes de espirometrías insatisfactorias fueron: 1) No cumplir con criterios de aceptabilidad (77,1 por ciento); 2) Falta de reproducibilidad (67,9 por ciento); 3) Caída de CVF post broncodilatador sin cambio en el VEF1 (36,6 por ciento). De los 131 sujetos cuya espirometría fue insatisfactoria en la primera sesión, ochenta y nueve aceptaron repetirla, lográndose al final del estudio una espirometría satisfactoria en el 95,5 por ciento de la muestra. Personal técnico sin experiencia previa y adecuadamente entrenado, es capaz de lograr espirometrías de buena calidad en un estudio epidemiológico de campo. Las causas más frecuentes de repetición de examen guardan relación con dificultad de alcanzar criterios de aceptabilidad y reproducibilidad de la prueba. Factores gravitantes en la repetición son la edad y el nivel de instrucción de los sujetos examinados. El desempeño de los técnicos no constituyó un factor limitante para obtener una adecuada calidad de la espirometría en terreno.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Epidemiologic Methods , Spirometry/standards , Quality Control , Vital Capacity/physiology , Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/physiopathology , Forced Expiratory Volume , Logistic Models , Multicenter Studies as Topic , Multivariate Analysis , Reference Values , Reproducibility of Results , Socioeconomic Factors
9.
Rev. chil. obstet. ginecol ; 65(5): 396-401, 2000. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-285008

ABSTRACT

Se presenta el caso clínico de una primigesta adolescente de 14 años, que asociado al inicio de su gestación, se le pesquisa una malformación vascular del tronco encéfalico complicada


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adolescent , Hemangioma, Cavernous/diagnosis , Intracranial Hemorrhages/complications , Pregnancy Complications, Cardiovascular/diagnosis , Hypertension/complications , Seizures/etiology , Vascular Headaches/etiology
11.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 127(12): 1480-6, dic. 1999. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-258073

ABSTRACT

Background: Tourette's syndrome is a childhood-onset hereditary neurobehavioural disorder believed to occur without geographical restrictions. Although there have been reports of this disorder worldwide just a few are from Latin America. Aim: To report a preliminary experience with a series of 70 patients and to review recent advances in this disorder. Patients and Method: We reviewed patients seen in pediatric and adult neurological clinics in Santiago, Chile, all of whom fulfilled clinical diagnostic criteria for Tourette Syndrome. Results: Seventy patients were studied, 54 males (77.1 percent) and 16 females (22.8 percent), their mean age at first evaluation was 13.6 years (range 2-46). The mean age of onset of symptoms was 6.4 (range 2-20), the mean time of follow-up was 3 years. Fifty-eight patients showed simple motor tics (blinking, facial grimacing, shoulder shrugging), whereas dystonic tics like head jerking were seen in 38 patients, torticollis in 6 and oculogyric movements in 2. Complex motor tics like jumping, antics, trunk bending and head shaking were present in 16 subjects. Vocal tics were predominantly of the simple type: sniffing, throat clearing, blowing, and whistling. Complex vocal tics were seen in 12 patients, five cases showed palilalia, 3 echolalia and only six displayed coprolalia (8.5 percent). Tics were of mild to moderate severity in most patients. Obsessive-compulsive disorder was observed in 22.8 percent and attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder were present in 35.7 percent. Forty-five patients (64.2 percent) had a first degree relative with tics, nine patients (12.8 percent) had a family history of obsessive-compulsive disorder. The current evidence involving desinhibition of cortico-striatum-thalamic-cortical neuronal circuits in the pathogenesis of this disorder is analyzed. Conclusion: Our report supports the recognized clinical homogeneity and genetical basis of TouretteÕs syndrome regardless of geographical region and ethnic origin


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child, Preschool , Adolescent , Adult , Tic Disorders/diagnosis , Tourette Syndrome/diagnosis , Basal Ganglia/abnormalities , Echolalia/epidemiology , Haloperidol/administration & dosage , Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder/complications , Attention Deficit and Disruptive Behavior Disorders/epidemiology , Tourette Syndrome/drug therapy
12.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 126(1): 81-7, ene. 1998. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-210413

ABSTRACT

Wilson disease is an inborn error of copper metabolism that bas neurological and hepatic manifestations. We report a 13 years old girl and a 12 years old boy with Wilson disease. In both patient, brain computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging showed marked involvement of basal ganglia and other deep gray nuclei. Considering that this is a treatable disease, it should be included in the differential diagnosis of the so called "striatal necrosis of childhood"


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Hepatolenticular Degeneration , Neuroradiography , Brain Ischemia/diagnosis , Huntington Disease/diagnosis , Cerebrum , Diagnosis, Differential , Carbon Monoxide Poisoning/diagnosis , Neurologic Manifestations , Tomography, X-Ray Computed/methods
13.
Rev. chil. tecnol. méd ; 18(supl): 43-7, 1998. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-229037

ABSTRACT

Tradicionalmente la ética se ha orientado por principios arraigados en conceptos filosóficos que contemplan el lugar del hombre en la naturaleza y su relación con diferentes ámbitos. En el plano profesional la acelerada evolución del conocimiento científico y técnico en el área biomédica determina la necesidad de un proceso continuo de actualización, el cual, en el caso de los profesionales de la salud reviste connotaciones de alto contenido ético. La universidad cumple un rol fundamental en la formación integral de los profesionales, siendo una necesidad el incluir en la malla curricular asignaturas, cursos, seminarios o talleres sobre aspectos éticos. El objetivo de nuestra investigación fue estudiar las horas dedicadas a la enseñanza de la ética y a sus distintas modalidades en las profesiones de la salud en Chile. Estas profesiones han experimentado un gran cambio curricular en los últimos años, por esta razón, se recopiló información de nueve carreras profesionales, en relación al número de horas destinadas al estudio de la ética o bioética, ubicación de la asignatura dentro de la malla curricular y modalidad de impartirla. La información obtenida fue la siguiente: antes de 1995 el programa curricular contemplaba desde conceptos éticos entregados en alguna asignatura hasta 54 horas de enseñanza, entregándose en algunos casos en 2 etapas. En la actualidad la enseñanza de la ética y/o bioética comprende asignaturas con un total de 36 hasta 105 horas. Creemos que en el pregrado la enseñanza de la ética debería rapartirse a intervalos a lo largo de toda la carrera y en el post grado, la responsabilidad debería recaer preferentemente en los colegios profesionales y sus sociedades científicas. Como profesionales de las salud tenemos un deber y un compromiso ineludible ante la comunidad, que en todo avance tecnológico sea necesario analizar los aspectos éticos relacionados al uso de esta tecnología y sus relaciones con la sociedad


Subject(s)
Humans , Bioethics , Health Education/organization & administration , Specialty Boards , Universities/organization & administration , Ethics, Professional
14.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 125(12): 1449-56, dic. 1997. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-210392

ABSTRACT

Backgrour: Neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia (NAIT) is a result of fetomaternal incompatibility. Platelet destruction is caused by a maternal alntibody directed against a fetal platelet antigen inherited from the father and lacking on the mother's platelets. The incidence and features of transplacental alloimmunization depend on the frequency of expression of platelet specific antigens, which are highly variable among different populations. Aim: To determine the prevalence and characteristics of transplacental alloimmunization in a large, group of pregnant women in Chile. Material and methods: We, studied 3,041 samples obtained during the third trimester of gestation. In all samples, anti platelet antibodies were screened by ELISA with platelet membranes fixed to a microtiter plate. Positive samples were further studied for antigenic specificity with the monoclonal antibody specific immobilization of platelet antigens (MAIPA) test. Results: Anti platelet antibodies were found in 261 samples (8.5 percent). The MAIPA test identified 6 samples with antibodies directed against major platelet membrane glycoproteins, 2 anti GPIb, 2 anti GPIIb/IIIa and 2 anti GPIa/IIIa. In four cases, anti HLA antibodies coexisted. Two cases corresponded to well defined platelet antigen systems: one anti HPA-1a and one anti HPA-5b. No clinical evidence of thrombocytopenia of the newborn was detected in all these cases with anti GP antibodies. Conclusions: A prevalence of platelet specific antibodies of 0.2 por ciento with only one anti HPA-1a was detected. These findings are in contrast with those of other populations but in accordance with the low frequency of the HPA-1b/b phenotype in the Chilean population. The very low incidence of platelet specific antibodies and the lack of association with clinical thrombocytopenia in the newborn, do not support the recommendation of routine antenatal screening to all women in Chile


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Pregnancy Trimester, Third/blood , Immunity, Maternally-Acquired/physiology , Immune Tolerance/physiology , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay , Blotting, Western , Antibody Specificity/immunology , Antigens, Human Platelet/isolation & purification , Pregnancy Complications, Hematologic/diagnosis , Prenatal Diagnosis/methods , Platelet Membrane Glycoproteins/analysis , Isoantigens/isolation & purification
15.
Rev. Hosp. Clin. Univ. Chile ; 8(3): 228-9, sept. 1997. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-216486

ABSTRACT

We report the case of a 18 years old male, ASA 1, who presentes a pulmonary edema following laryngospasm after anesthesia. He was treated with mechanical ventilation, and the clinical picture resolved within 24 hours


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adolescent , Laryngismus/complications , Pulmonary Edema/etiology , Intubation, Intratracheal , Airway Obstruction/complications , Oxygen/blood , Pulmonary Edema/therapy , Respiration, Artificial
16.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 125(8): 922-6, ago. 1997. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-207131

ABSTRACT

We report and eight years old boy presenting with a pyogenic granuloma of the scalp, generalized alopecia, descamative plates in the neck, trunk and limbs and nail involvement. Cultures for fungus of all these lesions disclosed Microspore canis. The patient was treated with oral griseofulvin, miconazole and topical tolnaftate. Five years later and after several incomplete treatments, the patient returns with a fistulous mass of 12 x 8 cm in the dorsal area whose culture revealed Microspore canis. The mass was excised and oral ketoconazole was indicated. After three months of follow up, the patient was lost from control


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Child , Mycetoma/microbiology , Microsporum/pathogenicity , Tolnaftate/therapeutic use , Gentamicins/therapeutic use , Cloxacillin/therapeutic use , Alopecia/microbiology , Griseofulvin/therapeutic use , Mycetoma/therapy , Miconazole/therapeutic use , Granuloma, Pyogenic/surgery
18.
Rev. chil. pediatr ; 67(5): 206-11, sept.-oct. 1996. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-197822

ABSTRACT

Propósito: comparar la efectividad de baclofeno y un placebo para disminuir la espasticidad, mejorar la función motora, autonomía funcional y participación en sus cuidados diarios. Diseño: prospectivo, cruzado, de administración de baclofeno (1 a 2 mg . kg . día) y placebo (tiamina, 37,5 mg . día) en dos fases de seis semanas cada una. Situación: pacientes con parálisis cerebral de una institución privada para el cuidado de inválidos, bajo control y tratamiento en la unidad de neurología pediátrica del Hospital Clínico San Borja-Arriarán, en Santiago metropolitano. Veinte personas de 3 a 26 años de edad, con parálisis cerebral espástica. Mediciones y resultados: en la evaluación inicial del tono muscular con la escala de uno (normal) a cinco puntos (rigidez severa) de Ashworth, todos los pacientes tenían puntajes de espasticidad iguales o mayores a 3, lo que no cambió bajo placebo, pero disminuyó significativamente durante el tratamiento con baclofeno, en que el tono bajó de 10 casos a puntaje 2 (prueba de Wilcoxon p < 0,05). En nueve pacientes mejoraron la movilidad espontánea y el desempeño en sus cuidados de rutina en la fase de baclofeno. No se registraron cambios en la función motora gruesa. Los beneficios fueron mayores en los pacientes con menores deterioros intelectual y motor, en todos los aspectos. El baclofeno puede ser un tratamiento auxiliar útil en pacientes con parálisis cerebral espástica y merece ser evaluado en ensayos de mayor duración


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child, Preschool , Adolescent , Adult , Baclofen/pharmacokinetics , Cerebral Palsy/drug therapy , Motor Neurons/drug effects , Muscle Spasticity/physiopathology , Placebos/administration & dosage
19.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 124(10): 1248-50, oct. 1996. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-185177

ABSTRACT

We report a 29 years old female admitted due to a congestive cardiac failure that failed to respond to therapy with furosemide and enalapril. Serum thyroid hormone profile showed a TSH over 40 uIU/ml, a thyroxine of 0.8 ug/dl and a triiodothyronine below 20 ng/dl. Levothyroxine therapy was started with remission of cardiac failure. The study of thyroid function in patients with cardiac failure of unknown origin and resistant to therapy, should be bore in mind


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adult , Hypothyroidism/complications , Heart Failure/etiology , Thyroxine/administration & dosage , Hypothyroidism/drug therapy
20.
CES odontol ; 9(1): 55-56, ene.-jun. 1996.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-512797

ABSTRACT

El objetivo de esta investigación fue determinar la eficacia del Scotch Prime Ceramic Primer 3M al ser sometido a una fuerza de adhesión ejercida por un aparato de ensayo universal (Instron). Se utilizaron 24 tabletas metálicas de 10 mm de largo, 10 mm de ancho y 2.5 mm de alto, a las cuales se les colocó porcelana en las mismas dimensiones. Doce de las 24 tabletas se repararon con resina 3M utilizando Scotch Prime como agente de enlace.- No se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre los dos grupos, lo cual indica que existe una tendencia del agente de enlace a ser efectivo en la reparación de restauraciones metal-cerámicas fracturadas, a pesar de que en este estudio no se tuvo en cuenta el factor tiempo como variable.


Subject(s)
Dental Materials , Metal Ceramic Alloys , Dental Bonding , Dentistry
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